AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL LEVEL OF INCOME ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN BAYELSA: PERSPECTIVE OF LOW INCOME EARNING PARENTS

​​​​​​Background of the Study: Parents plays a critical role in the educational improvement of their ward. As a result, the socioeconomic level of parents affects children's educational development and achievement negative or positive. In same manner, parents engagement in their children's education is extremely pivotal to the academic success of the youngsters(Barbarin, 2008). Similarly, teachers plays a significant on the academic development of youngsters as they provide them educational capitals such as qualifications, expertise, and appropriate skill sets to boosting medical conditions, securing steady jobs, increasing earnings, allocating resources properly to maximize output, contributing to the nation in terms of taxes, and improving the individual's quality of life(Onijingin, 2013). Although the Nigeria government provide the infrastructure, regulations, and human resources necessary to guarantee that students receive the greatest possible education, so as to reduce the rate of poverty, the observation of Berzin, (2010), entails that the country still has very poor educational achievement, particularly at the secondary and higher levels. However, the factors contributing to this educational menace is not limited to nation elements but students home environment. According to Adekeye (2002), the home environment is the fundamental socialization agent that impacts a child's interest in education and life aspirations. The experiences a youngster takes from home to school can either encourage or detract the experiences he or she has at school. In a society settings, family is a significant element in a child's personality development. The child grows socialized as an individual as a result of regular interaction with family members, and experiences certain needs manifested in behavior patterns in school (Azi, 2016).

In addition, low-income families typically struggle to provide academic assistance to their children. These families, unlike affluent families, cannot afford to pay for learning materials,(Pemberton and Miller, 2015).  In same manner, Berzin (2010) found that children of high-income parents are more involved in education, thrive in their academic careers, and are frequently more relevant in society. With adequate care, tutelage, and active participation of parents in the child's educational activities such as homework monitoring, participation in extracurricular activities, parent-teacher association, and other school-related activities, the child is more likely to be courageous and, as a result, do well in school. Family social class, level of education, material deprivation, psycho-social health, parenting status, and family ethnicity all have a substantial impact on the extent and manner of parental participation in their children's academics(Berzin, 2010). Parents that are more active in their children's education learn about school goals and processes. According to Mayer(2012)  observation, children of wealthy parents are more likely to succeed in life than children of poor parents, most likely because wealthy parents spend more money on their children than poor parents, and these "investments" result in better outcomes for their children.

When parents are financially capacitated and also give moral support to the children by guiding their reading at home, the students perform better than their counterparts. Although it has been argued that the most accurate predictor of students’ achievement is the extent to which the family is involved in the child’s education and not the family‘s level of income (Adekeye, 2002).